Saturday, 3 November 2012

DB block edit utliity ( BBED) - 11G

BBED library files are available in 11g , so we could not directly link the library files to edit/view the database blocks in 11g

There is a work around to get the BBED ulitility in 11g.

Step 1: Copy the necessary files

We could copy the following library files from any of the 10g version ( please ensure the source 10g and target 11g binary are in the same os flavour/architecture)
$10G_HOME/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o to $11G_HOME/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o
$10G_HOME/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o to $11G_HOME/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o
$10G_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedus.msb to $11G_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedus.msb
$10G_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedus.msg to $11G_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedus.msg
Step2 : set the 11g environmental values and ensure everying is in-tact by env command

Step3: link the library using make command

make -f $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk BBED=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed

Step4: invoke bbed and explore the blocks
( please dont edit blocks without oracle's advice , infact oracle would not advice us to edit .....)
Note: Password for the bbedit is blockedit
oracle@xxxxxx$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sun Nov 4 11:36:46 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> help
HELP [ <bbed command> | ALL ]
BBED> help all
SET DBA [ dba | file#, block# ]
SET FILENAME 'filename'
SET FILE file#
SET BLOCK [+/-]block#
SET OFFSET [ [+/-]byte offset | symbol | *symbol ]
SET BLOCKSIZE bytes
SET LIST[FILE] 'filename'
SET WIDTH character_count
SET COUNT bytes_to_display
SET IBASE [ HEX | OCT | DEC ]
SET OBASE [ HEX | OCT | DEC ]
SET MODE [ BROWSE | EDIT ]
SET SPOOL [ Y | N ]
SHOW [ <SET parameter> | ALL ]
INFO
MAP[/v] [ DBA | FILENAME | FILE | BLOCK ]
DUMP[/v] [ DBA | FILENAME | FILE | BLOCK | OFFSET | COUNT ]
PRINT[/x|d|u|o|c] [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
EXAMINE[/Nuf] [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
</Nuf>:
N - a number which specifies a repeat count.
u - a letter which specifies a unit size:
b - b1, ub1 (byte)
h - b2, ub2 (half-word)
w - b4, ub4(word)
r - Oracle table/index row
f - a letter which specifies a display format:
x - hexadecimal
d - decimal
u - unsigned decimal
o - octal
c - character (native)
n - Oracle number
t - Oracle date
i - Oracle rowid
FIND[/x|d|u|o|c] numeric/character string [ TOP | CURR ]
COPY [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ] TO [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
MODIFY[/x|d|u|o|c] numeric/character string
[ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
ASSIGN[/x|d|u|o] <target spec>=<source spec>
<target spec> : [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
<source spec> : [ value | <target spec options> ]
SUM [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ] [ APPLY ]
PUSH [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET ]
POP [ALL]
REVERT [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
UNDO
HELP [ <bbed command> | ALL ]
VERIFY [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
CORRUPT [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]


Now let us how to usiltise this tool for some cases

I How to amend a value through this tool

1. Find out the relative file no and block no

select db_name, rowid, dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(ROWID) fno,  dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(ROWID) bno FROM space_mon where rowid='AAACfBAAGAAACTyAAY'
SQL> select db_name, rowid, dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(ROWID) fno,  dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(ROWID) bno FROM space_mon where rowid='AAACfBAAGAAACTyAAY'
  2  ;
JEYA1                AAACfBAAGAAACTyAAY          6       9458

2. Find  the file_name for the relative file no ( here it is 6)

 SQL> select file_name,bytes from dba_data_files where file_id=6;
 /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon02.dbf 2097152000

3. capture the detail in a file in the following format strictly otherwise you mey get "BBED-00310: no datafile specified" when do set list

 ( please use running sequence if you want to mention more than 1 datafiles in this list,
 the no 1 is not the file_id for the datafile, it is just a running sequence in this filesystem, otherwise you may get
"BBED-00310: no datafile specified" erorr when you do set dba)
  
SQL> !cat /tmp/bbed.log
1 /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon02.dbf 2097152000

4. set the listfile
BBED> set list '/tmp/bbed.log'
        LISTFILE        /tmp/bbed.log

5. verify if this is set properly

BBED> info
 File#  Name                                                        Size(blks)
 -----  ----                                                        ----------
    
1 /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon02.dbf 2097152000


6.now, mark the block by setting file running sequence number,rowid_blockNumber ( taken from step 1)

   BBED> set dba 1,9458
        DBA             0x004024f2 (4203762 1,9458)

7. seek the offset for the search string using find ( here it is 6366)

BBED> find /c JEYA
 File: /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon02.dbf (1)
 Block: 9458             Offsets: 6366 to 6429           Dba:0x004024f2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 4a455941 3107786d 05040101 01065359 5354454d 02c20b03 c2053e03 c2062803
 c12f0c03 4d4f4e04 52616a61 1973696e 70626366 696e6562 64627031 2e73672e
 <32 bytes per line>

8.dump the block (/v is for verbose mode)

  BBED> dump /v dba 1,9458 offset 6366 count 64
 File: /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon02.dbf (1)
 Block: 9458    Offsets: 6366 to 6429  Dba:0x004024f2
-------------------------------------------------------
 4a455941 3107786d 05040101 01065359 l JEYA1.xm......SY
 5354454d 02c20b03 c2053e03 c2062803 l STEM.Â..Â.>.Â.(.
 c12f0c03 4d4f4e04 52616a61 1973696e l Á/..MON.Raja.sin
 70626366 696e6562 64627031 2e73672e l abctest.sg.

9.modify the value /C for character

BBED> modify /c HARIS dba 1,9458 offset 6366
BBED-00215: editing not allowed in BROWSE mode
vow BBEDIT is in browse mode by default. now , let me change into edit mode.
BBED> SET MODE  EDIT
        MODE            Edit

BBED> modify /c HARIS dba 1,9458 offset 6366
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) Y
 File: /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon02.dbf (1)
 Block: 9458             Offsets: 6366 to 6429           Dba:0x004024f2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 48415249 5307786d 05040101 01065359 5354454d 02c20b03 c2053e03 c2062803
 c12f0c03 4d4f4e04 52616a61 1973696e 70626366 696e6562 64627031 2e73672e
 <32 bytes per line>

10.Dump the file to see the changes

BBED> dump /v dba 1,9458 offset 6366 count 64
 File: /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon02.dbf (1)
 Block: 9458    Offsets: 6366 to 6429  Dba:0x004024f2
-------------------------------------------------------
 48415249 5307786d 05040101 01065359 l HARIS.xm......SY
 5354454d 02c20b03 c2053e03 c2062803 l STEM.Â..Â.>.Â.(.
 c12f0c03 4d4f4e04 52616a61 1973696e l Á/..MON.Raja.sin
 70626366 696e6562 64627031 2e73672e l abctest.sg.

11. Check the block checksum and apply

BBED> sum dba 1,9458
Check value for File 1, Block 9458:
current = 0x4dca, required = 0x26c6
BBED> sum dba 1,9458 apply
Check value for File 1, Block 9458:
current = 0x26c6, required = 0x26c6

12. verify the data from another sqlplus window Please flush the buffer_cache to see the latest changes

SQL> select db_name, rowid, dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(ROWID) fno,  dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(ROWID) bno FROM space_mon where rowid='AAACfBAAGAAACTyAAY';
JEYA1                AAACfBAAGAAACTyAAY          6       9458
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
SQL>  select db_name, rowid, dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(ROWID) fno,  dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(ROWID) bno FROM space_mon where rowid='AAACfBAAGAAACTyAAY';
HARIS                AAACfBAAGAAACTyAAY          6       9458

II . How to restore a deleted record by updating directly the block using BBED tool.

(A simple way of recovering the deleted record is the flashback query option). This method is just
explore the efficiency of BBED tool.
1. Simulate the deletion

SQL> select db_name, rowid, dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(ROWID) fno,  dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(ROWID) bno FROM space_mon where ROWID='AAACfBAAMAAAj8nABV';
DB_NAME              ROWID                     FNO        BNO
-------------------- ------------------ ---------- ----------
JEYA                 AAACfBAAMAAAj8nABV         12     147239
SQL> delete from space_mon where ROWID='AAACfBAAMAAAj8nABV';
1 row deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
SQL>  alter system flush BUFFER_CACHE
  2  ;
System altered.

2. Find out the segment header details

SQL> select HEADER_FILE,HEADER_BLOCK,BLOCKS from dba_segments where SEGMENT_NAME = 'SPACE_MON';
HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK     BLOCKS
----------- ------------ ----------
         12       147212      39936

3. dump the whole segment to find out the deleted rows but still stay in the block
alter system dump datafile 12 block min 147212 block max 187148;

4.open the trace file and check for the CC:3 which is for deleted records
 tab 0, row 0, @0x1f79  ---> hexa block number ( convert into decimal by select to_number('1f79','xxxx') from dual )
 4 tl: 31 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0  cc: 3

5. create a listfile with the necessary datafiles

BBED> !cat /tmp/bbed.log
1 /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon02.dbf 2097152000
2 /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon01.dbf 2097152000

6. set the listfile
BBED> set list '/tmp/bbed.log'
        LISTFILE        /tmp/bbed.log

7. mark the DBA which was found at step 4

BBED> set dba 2,147239
        DBA             0x00823f27 (8535847 2,147239)
BBED> find /c JEYA
 File: /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon01.dbf (2)
 Block: 147239           Offsets: 1087 to 1150           Dba:0x00823f27
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 4a455941 07786b0a 10010101 10444254 4d5f4c41 5247455f 494e4445 5802c229
 03c21e21 03c20b45 03c14a1f 05204556 45200620 52616a61 20092064 62747062
 <32 bytes per line>

8. dump the block with little head of the offset ( 1087 is the exact offset) to find out the row header.
   '<' sympbol shows that the row header marker which is 1084
BBED> dump /v dba 2,147239 Offset 1080
 File: /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon01.dbf (2)
 Block: 147239  Offsets: 1080 to 1143  Dba:0x00823f27
-------------------------------------------------------
 03c2033c 010a044a 45594107 786b0a10 l .Â.<...JEYA.xk..
 01010110 4442544d 5f4c4152 47455f49 l ....DBTM_LARGE_I
 4e444558 02c22903 c21e2103 c20b4503 l NDEX.Â).Â.!.Â.E.
 c14a1f05 20455645 20062052 616a6120 l ÁJ.. EVE . Raja

9. Confirm if it is row header marker

BBED> p kdbr
sb2 kdbr[0]                                 @118      5652
sb2 kdbr[1]                                 @120      5735
sb2 kdbr[2]                                 @122      5814
sb2 kdbr[3]                                 @124      5892
sb2 kdbr[4]                                 @126      5966
sb2 kdbr[5]                                 @128      6043
sb2 kdbr[6]                                 @130      6121
sb2 kdbr[7]                                 @132      6198
sb2 kdbr[8]                                 @134      6286
sb2 kdbr[9]                                 @136      6374
sb2 kdbr[10]                                @138      6460
sb2 kdbr[11]                                @140      6546
sb2 kdbr[12]                                @142      6635
sb2 kdbr[13]                                @144      6723
sb2 kdbr[14]                                @146      6800
sb2 kdbr[15]                                @148      6872
sb2 kdbr[16]                                @150      6946
sb2 kdbr[17]                                @152      7023
sb2 kdbr[18]                                @154      7102
sb2 kdbr[19]                                @156      7179
sb2 kdbr[20]                                @158      7258
sb2 kdbr[21]                                @160      7333
sb2 kdbr[22]                                @162      7405
sb2 kdbr[23]                                @164      7480
sb2 kdbr[24]                                @166      7557
sb2 kdbr[25]                                @168      7630
sb2 kdbr[26]                                @170      7709
sb2 kdbr[27]                                @172      7786
sb2 kdbr[28]                                @174      7864
sb2 kdbr[29]                                @176      7941
sb2 kdbr[30]                                @178      8012
sb2 kdbr[31]                                @180      1054
sb2 kdbr[32]                                @182      1130
sb2 kdbr[33]                                @184      1211
sb2 kdbr[34]                                @186      1290
sb2 kdbr[35]                                @188      1364
sb2 kdbr[36]                                @190      1440
sb2 kdbr[37]                                @192      1523
sb2 kdbr[38]                                @194      1606
sb2 kdbr[39]                                @196      1689
sb2 kdbr[40]                                @198      1771
sb2 kdbr[41]                                @200      1847
sb2 kdbr[42]                                @202      1914
sb2 kdbr[43]                                @204      1983
sb2 kdbr[44]                                @206      2049
sb2 kdbr[45]                                @208      2120
sb2 kdbr[46]                                @210      2191
sb2 kdbr[47]                                @212      2260
sb2 kdbr[48]                                @214      2331
sb2 kdbr[49]                                @216      2402
sb2 kdbr[50]                                @218      2473
sb2 kdbr[51]                                @220      2544
sb2 kdbr[52]                                @222      2615
sb2 kdbr[53]                                @224      2686
sb2 kdbr[54]                                @226      2757
sb2 kdbr[55]                                @228      2828
sb2 kdbr[56]                                @230      2900
sb2 kdbr[57]                                @232      2972
sb2 kdbr[58]                                @234      3044
sb2 kdbr[59]                                @236      3115
sb2 kdbr[60]                                @238      3187
sb2 kdbr[61]                                @240      3259
sb2 kdbr[62]                                @242      3331
sb2 kdbr[63]                                @244      3401
sb2 kdbr[64]                                @246      3465
sb2 kdbr[65]                                @248      3532
sb2 kdbr[66]                                @250      3596
sb2 kdbr[67]                                @252      3665
sb2 kdbr[68]                                @254      3732
sb2 kdbr[69]                                @256      3800
sb2 kdbr[70]                                @258      3865
sb2 kdbr[71]                                @260      3931
sb2 kdbr[72]                                @262      4000
sb2 kdbr[73]                                @264      4071
sb2 kdbr[74]                                @266      4146
sb2 kdbr[75]                                @268      4215
sb2 kdbr[76]                                @270      4290
sb2 kdbr[77]                                @272      4357
sb2 kdbr[78]                                @274      4419
sb2 kdbr[79]                                @276      4480
sb2 kdbr[80]                                @278      4546
sb2 kdbr[81]                                @280      4609
sb2 kdbr[82]                                @282      4684
sb2 kdbr[83]                                @284      4758
sb2 kdbr[84]                                @286      4831
sb2 kdbr[85]                                @288      983   ====> close to 1084)
sb2 kdbr[86]                                @290      4978
sb2 kdbr[87]                                @292      5052
sb2 kdbr[88]                                @294      5124
sb2 kdbr[89]                                @296      5195
sb2 kdbr[90]                                @298      5259
sb2 kdbr[91]                                @300      5321
sb2 kdbr[92]                                @302      5382
sb2 kdbr[93]                                @304      5447
sb2 kdbr[94]                                @306      5514
sb2 kdbr[95]                                @308      5577

BBED> p *kdbr[85]
BBED> rowdata[0]
----------
ub1 rowdata[0]                              @1083     0x3c  =====> confirm it is deleted record

10. change the value to 2c

BBED> 
BBED> modify /x 2c offset 1083
 File: /data/oracle/MYTEST/data01/MYTEST_perf_mon01.dbf (2)
 Block: 147239           Offsets: 1083 to 1146           Dba:0x00823f27
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 2c010a04 4a455941 07786b0a 10010101 10444254 4d5f4c41 5247455f 494e4445
 5802c229 03c21e21 03c20b45 03c14a1f 05204556 45200620 52616a61 20092064
 <32 bytes per line>

11. verify the changes
BBED> p *kdbr[85]
rowdata[0]
----------
ub1 rowdata[0]                              @1083     0x2c
12. check sum and apply the changes
BBED> sum dba 2,147239
Check value for File 2, Block 147239:
current = 0x65e3, required = 0x65f3
BBED> sum dba 2,147239 apply
Check value for File 2, Block 147239:
current = 0x65f3, required = 0x65f3

13. verify from the sqlplus

SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
SQL> select db_name, rowid, dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(ROWID) fno,  dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(ROWID) bno FROM space_mon where ROWID='AAACfBAAMAAAj8nABV';
no rows selected
SQL> alter system flush BUFFER_CACHE;
System altered.
SQL> alter system flush BUFFER_CACHE;
System altered.
SQL> select db_name, rowid, dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(ROWID) fno,  dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(ROWID) bno FROM space_mon where ROWID='AAACfBAAMAAAj8nABV';
DB_NAME              ROWID                     FNO        BNO
-------------------- ------------------ ---------- ----------
JEYA                 AAACfBAAMAAAj8nABV         12     147239


II. How to restore datafile which is restored from a old file where SCN is out of sync.

kscnbas – last change SCN
kcvcptim – time of the last change
kcvfhcpc – checkpoint count
kcvfhccc – a checkpoint checker value, which is one less than kcvfhcpc
BBED>p kcvfh --list out the structure of a datafile



SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113:   file 6 needs media recovery
ORA-01110:  data file 6:
'/data/oracle/MYTEST/data/MYTEST_data02.dbf'
column checkpoint_change# format 99999999999999999
SQL> select file#, checkpoint_change#, to_char(checkpoint_time, 'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss') from v$datafile;
     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# TO_CHAR(CHECKPOINT_
---------- ------------------ -------------------
         6               6977 25/10/2012 11:41:42     =====> target datafile.

        
SQL> select file#, change#, to_char(time, 'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss') from v$recover_file;
     FILE#    CHANGE# TO_CHAR(TIME,'DD/MM
---------- ---------- -------------------
         6       6602 25/10/2012 11:42:42

===== Open the file 6 and 1 ( whichever datafile has latest SCN)
Target DATAFILE 6 - need to be recovered. ( 6 should be running sequnence in the listfile)

BBED> p dba 6,1 kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes                   @142    
   struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @142    
      ub4 kscnbas                           @142      0x000019ca => SCN
      ub2 kscnwrp                           @145      0x0000
   ub4 kcvcptim                             @149      0x240bcfef => timestamp
BBED> p dba 6,1 kcvfhcpc
ub4 kcvfhcpc                                @178      0x00000004 => Checkpoint count
BBED> p dba 6,1 kcvfhccc
ub4 kcvfhccc                                @186      0x00000003 => Checkpoint counter which is less than checkpoint count

Source datafile 1

BBED> p dba 1,1 kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes                   @142    
   struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @142    
      ub4 kscnbas                           @142      0x00001b51
      ub2 kscnwrp                           @145      0x0000
   ub4 kcvcptim                             @149      0x240bd56e
BBED> p dba 1,1 kcvfhcpc
ub4 kcvfhcpc                                @178      0x00000012
BBED> p dba 1,1 kcvfhccc
ub4 kcvfhccc                                @186      0x00000008
#select checkpoint_change# from v$database
modify /x 0x00001b51 dba 6,1 offset 142
modify /x 0x240bd56e dba 6,1 offset 149
modify /x 0x00000012 dba 6,1 offset 178
modify /x 0x00000008 dba 6,1 offset 186

BBED>sum dba 1,1
------
BBED> sum dba 1,1 apply
Check value for File 6, Block 1:
current = 0xc097, required = 0xc097
================================

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